Vol. 3 No. 5 (2011): September/October 2011

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has a profound impact on the quality of life of the aging male, with as many as 80% to 90% of men showing histological changes by age 80. Medical history and physical examination are essential for diagnosing and grading BPH. Symptoms often encountered i...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. It is estimated that there will have been 150,000 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2010 and more than 50,000 deaths as a result of ...

B12 (cobalamin) is essential to maintain proper neurologic functioning. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency may suffer from fatigue, neurologic disease, paresthesia, and megaloblastic anemia. Overall, the prevalence of B12 deficiency is difficult to assess because there is no consistent...

Altitude illness is a spectrum of conditions that affect the majority of travelers to high elevations (>8200 ft [2500 m]). The rapid decrease in arterial oxygen saturation with increasing altitude is the physiologic basis for this group of disorders. Many travelers to high altitudes w...

It is widely accepted that males with cryptorchidism, or undescended testes, are at an increased risk of developing testicular cancer, specifically germ cell tumors. Seminomas are the most common type of germ cell tumors and typically affect males between the ages of 30 and 45. They comm...

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, progressive disease that results from multihormonal dysregulation and is frequently accompanied by a number of comorbidities and complications. Improved glycemic control has been associated with improved microvascular outcomes, but the relati...